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Vertical jump5/4/2023 ![]() ![]() The VJ test, developed by Sargent ( Citation1921) more than 100 years ago was originally used to predict or assess sport performance for talent identification and player development purposes. The most common power assessments in youth are the vertical jump (VJ) test and the standing long jump (SLJ) test, and both have advantages for field-based application (Welk et al., Citation2022). Similarly, multiple tests have been developed to measure muscular power, both for arms (e.g., one-hand shot put and medicine ball throw tests) or legs (e.g., Margaria-Kalamen leg-power test, vertical jump, and standing long jump Barlow, Citation1970 Vandewalle et al., Citation1987). For example, pull-ups, flexed-arm hang, push-ups, Vermont modified pull-ups, and New York modified pull-ups are all used to measure upper-body strength (Pate et al., Citation1993). In practice, multiple field tests are often used to measure the same fitness component. The IOM report specifically recommended that assessments of muscular power be included in youth fitness batteries, but there are challenges to setting standards (Fraser et al., Citation2021). Musculoskeletal power helps older adults perform activities of daily living (Casas-Herrero et al., Citation2013), and numerous studies have also documented the importance of building musculoskeletal fitness in youth (Stodden & Brooks, Citation2013). For example, explosive resistance training has been found to improve older adults’ functional capacity far greater than resistance training performed at slower velocities (Bottaro et al., Citation2007 Ramirez-Campillo et al., Citation2014 Steib et al., Citation2010). The important role of muscular power has been well documented for older adults (Fragala et al., Citation2019). A comprehensive review by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) incorporated muscular power as a key component of musculoskeletal fitness along with muscular strength and muscular endurance (Pate & Daniels, Citation2013). In the past, muscular power has been considered a component of skill- or performance-related fitness, although some considered it to be a combination of skill- and health-related physical fitness (Corbin et al., Citation2000). Muscular power is the ability to exert muscle force quickly or the rate at which one can perform work.
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